In which condition is balloon mitral valvotomy performed?

Balloon mitral valvotomy is a procedure primarily performed in patients with mitral stenosis, which is a narrowing of the mitral valve opening that impairs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle. This condition often results from rheumatic fever and can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and palpitations due to increased pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation.

The balloon valvotomy is an effective treatment option as it uses a balloon to dilate the narrowed valve, improving blood flow and alleviating symptoms without the need for surgical replacement of the valve. This technique is particularly favored in patients who are symptomatic and have not developed significant mitral regurgitation or other complicating factors that might warrant a different approach.

In contrast, the other conditions listed—hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome, and Long QT interval syndrome—are managed through different medical or surgical interventions that address their unique pathophysiological mechanisms rather than mitral valve obstruction.